Going from DNA sequence to protein is quite a complicated process involving several steps, it is therefore possible for a mistake to happen. There are several mechanisms to avoid mistakes and alteration of the genetic information: the complementary nature of the two strands of DNA, the redundant nature of the genetic code as well as error correction mechanisms in the molecules (called “polymerases”) that read and write DNA and RNA being some of them. Despite all that, some errors in the nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) or protein sequences still make it through, these are called mutations.
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